Guide to Getting a Driving License in the Netherlands (2024)

Navigating the roadways of the Netherlands can be both a joy and a challenge. Whether you’re exploring scenic routes or maneuvering through the bustling streets of Amsterdam, a valid driving license is not just a legal requirement but a passport to freedom and convenience in this beautiful country.

As a foreigner, understanding the specifics of getting a driving license in the Netherlands can seem daunting. This guide is designed to demystify that process.

Understanding the Dutch Driving License

The Dutch driving license, known as the “rijbewijs,” is a small card that not only permits you to drive but is also a testament to the rigorous training and examination process that holders undergo. This card holds significant value and importance in the Netherlands, and understanding its specifics will serve you well as a foreigner looking to drive within the country.

Design and Layout

The Dutch driving license adopts a standardized European format. It’s a credit-card-sized piece of plastic showcasing:

• A photograph of the holder
• Personal details including name, date of birth, and the license’s issuance and expiration dates
• Categories of vehicles the individual is permitted to drive
• Any additional notes or restrictions that might apply

Validity and Types

Dutch driving licenses categorize vehicles to streamline their system. Here’s a brief overview of the most common categories:

Category	Definition
Category A	Allows you to drive cars, vans, and certain light vehicles. This is the category most foreigners will be concerned with.
Category B	For motorcycle enthusiasts. This category has subtypes (A1, A2, and A) based on engine size and power.
Category AM	Reserved for mopeds and light quad bikes. While other categories exist for larger vehicles and professional drivers, they might not be as relevant for the average foreigner in the Netherlands.

Expiry and Renewal Procedures

Dutch driving licenses issued after 2013 have a validity of 10 years for drivers under the age of 65. However, after reaching the age of 65, the renewal process becomes more frequent and may require medical examinations. It’s worth noting that the renewal process is straightforward, generally requiring a new photograph and an eye test.

Non-EU/EEA citizens might also need to present residency documents during renewal.

Can You Use Your Foreign Driving License in the Netherlands?

Driving in the Netherlands requires a valid license, and while the country is accommodating to foreigners, it’s essential to know whether your foreign license suffices or if there are additional steps you need to take.

EU/EEA Licenses: Validity and Rules

If you possess a driving license from an EU or EEA country, you’re in luck. The Netherlands recognizes these licenses immediately. This means you can drive without any additional documentation or procedure.

Generally, as long as your EU/EEA license is valid, you can use it in the Netherlands. However, if you plan on becoming a Dutch resident, consider converting your license to a Dutch one before it expires.

While conversion isn’t obligatory, it can make certain administrative processes smoother. The procedure is relatively uncomplicated for EU/EEA license holders.

Non-EU/EEA Licenses: Duration of Use and Restrictions

For those with a valid driving license from a non-EU/EEA country, you’re permitted to drive in the Netherlands for a limited period, usually up to 185 days from the day you register at your local municipality.

After this period, converting your foreign license to a Dutch driving license becomes mandatory. There are specific criteria and exceptions; not all non-EU/EEA licenses can be converted directly. In certain cases, re-taking the driving test in the Netherlands becomes necessary.

Some countries have mutual agreements with the Netherlands, allowing for a more streamlined conversion process. It’s prudent to check with the Dutch Road Traffic Service (RDW) to see if your country falls into this category.

Conversion of Non-EU/EEA Licenses

This section breaks down the process, criteria, and requirements for this transition.

Criteria for Conversion

Before initiating the conversion process, one must be registered as a resident in a Dutch municipality. This involves having an official address and being enrolled in the local population register.

Your foreign driving license should be valid at the time of conversion. Expired licenses cannot be transitioned.

As stated previously, a non-EU/EEA license can be used for up to 185 days after registering in the municipality. Once this window closes, conversion is not just recommended—it’s a requirement for continued driving.

Required Documents

Converting your license demands a series of documents to be presented to the Dutch authorities. These include:

• Your valid non-EU/EEA driving license.
• A passport-sized photo that complies with Dutch standards.
• Proof of residency in the Netherlands (like a rental agreement or utility bill).
• A declaration of health (‘Eigen verklaring’), typically a form that ascertains your medical fitness to drive.
• In some cases, a certificate proving that you passed your driving test in the country of issuance may also be required.

Process of Applying

Begin by visiting your local municipality office. They will provide the necessary forms and guide you through the initial application stages.

Depending on your country of origin and its agreements with the Netherlands, you might be required to take a practical driving test, and possibly even a theory test. This is to ensure that you meet Dutch driving standards.

Once approved, your Dutch driving license will be ready for pickup at your local municipality office. Note that when you receive your Dutch license, your non-EU/EEA license will typically be held and returned to the issuing country, as holding multiple valid licenses isn’t permitted.

Applying for a New Dutch Driving License

For some foreigners residing in the Netherlands, the decision or necessity to obtain a brand-new Dutch driving license emerges. This could be due to various reasons such as the inconvertibility of their original license or simply a personal choice. This process is distinct from conversion; here’s what you need to know about it.

Criteria and Eligibility

Age Requirements

Category	Age Requirement
Category A (Motorcycles)	Between 18 to 24, depending on the subtype.
Category B (Cars)	Must be at least 18 years old.
Category AM (Mopeds)	The minimum age is 16.

Residency Status

Similar to the conversion process, applicants must be registered residents in a Dutch municipality.

Process of Application

1. Registering at the Local Municipality: Before anything else, ensure you are registered in your local municipality. This confirms your residency and initiates the licensing process.
2. Applying for a Theory Test (CBR): Before hitting the road, understanding Dutch road rules is pivotal. Register and pass the CBR (Central Office for Motor Vehicle Driver Testing) theory test relevant to your vehicle category.
3. Practical Driving Test: After succeeding in the theory test, the next hurdle is the practical driving test. This assesses your real-world driving skills and ensures you’re fit to drive safely on Dutch roads. It’s advisable to undergo training at a recognized driving school before attempting this test.
4. Submitting the Application: Post passing both tests, submit your application at the local municipality with the necessary documents, including your test certifications.

Fees Associated with Application and Testing

Every step in the application process comes with associated costs. These can include:

• Registration fees for the theory and practical tests.
• Potential costs for driving lessons.
• Application fees for the driving license at the municipality.
• Costs for medical tests if required.

It’s wise to check current fee structures either online or at the local municipality, as these can change periodically.

Driving Schools and Lessons

Even if you’re a seasoned driver from another country, Dutch driving schools can offer invaluable lessons that tailor your skills to the specific demands and expectations of the Netherlands. Let’s delve into the significance of these schools and the considerations you should take into account.

Why Taking Lessons is Beneficial

Driving schools in the Netherlands are adept at training both novices and experienced drivers. Lessons are typically customized based on your existing skills and knowledge.

From intricate bicycle paths to the Dutch priority from the right rule, lessons provide insights into unique local road nuances.

Enrolling in a driving school statistically enhances your chances of clearing the Dutch driving tests on the first attempt.

How to Choose a Driving School

• Accreditation: Ensure the school is accredited by the Dutch Central Office for Motor Vehicle Driver Testing (CBR).
• Languages Offered: As a non-Dutch speaker, it’s beneficial to find schools that offer lessons in English or other languages you’re comfortable with.
• Track Record: Look for schools with high success rates for both theory and practical exams. Student reviews can also provide a clear picture of the school’s effectiveness.
• Flexibility: Given that many foreigners in the Netherlands might have work or study commitments, it’s wise to choose a school that offers flexible timings or intensive courses.
• Cost Structure: While you shouldn’t compromise quality for price, it’s prudent to understand the full cost structure, including potential extra fees or charges.

Approximate Cost and Duration of Lessons

Cost: The pricing for driving lessons can vary based on the school, city, and the specific package you choose. On average, a lesson might cost between €40 to €60 per hour, but this can fluctuate.

Duration: The number of lessons required is highly individual. Some might need only 20 hours, while others might require upwards of 40 hours of training. Your instructor will often assess and provide recommendations after an initial lesson or two.

Related: Car Leasing in The Netherlands [In-Depth 2023 English Guide]

The Theory Test

The theory test is more than a mere examination—it’s an assimilation of the principles that uphold the safety and efficiency of the Dutch road system. Grasping its structure and requirements is crucial to ensuring success.

Nature of the Test

Comprehensive Evaluation: The theory test assesses knowledge on a myriad of topics, from traffic signs to road etiquette, ensuring drivers possess a holistic understanding.

Question Format: The test typically comprises multiple-choice questions, hazard recognition tasks, and yes/no questions. The exact number can vary but expect around 65 questions in total.

Duration: The test usually takes about 30 minutes to complete.

Booking and Preparing for the Test

Scheduling: Tests are scheduled through the Central Office for Motor Vehicle Driver Testing (CBR). You can book online, but remember slots can fill up quickly, especially in larger cities. Plan in advance.

Study Material: Various resources are available for preparation. While there are traditional books, many students opt for online mock tests and apps that simulate the actual test environment.

Language: The default language for the test is Dutch. However, for those not fluent, tests in English and other languages are available. Some centers also offer the possibility of a live translator, though this might come with additional fees.

Passing Criteria and Results

Scoring: To pass, you’ll need to answer correctly:

• At least 25 out of 30 questions in the knowledge-based section.
• At least 35 out of 40 questions in the insight and hazard recognition sections combined.

Result Notification: The results are typically provided immediately after the completion of the test. Successful candidates will receive a certificate, which remains valid for 1.5 years.

Retaking the Test

If you don’t succeed on the first attempt, don’t be disheartened. You can retake the theory test, but it’s advisable to study further and identify areas of improvement.

Each attempt requires a new booking and is associated with the standard test fee.

The Practical Driving Test

Designed to ensure only competent individuals navigate Dutch roads, understanding the intricacies of this test is crucial.

The Essence of the Test

Objective: Beyond basic driving skills, the test evaluates your ability to drive safely and responsibly, taking into account other road users, and adjusting to various traffic situations.

Duration: Typically lasting around 55 minutes, the examination includes both driving and theoretical questioning segments.

Route: While there’s no fixed route for the test, examiners usually choose paths that encompass a variety of driving conditions—urban streets, highways, and intricate junctions.

Preparation and Requirements

Prior Lessons: Taking lessons from an accredited driving school is recommended. This prepares you, and schools often offer “mock” tests, simulating the actual examination.

Vehicle: The test is generally taken in the vehicle you’ve practiced in, often provided by your driving school, ensuring familiarity with controls and functionalities.

Documentation: Ensure you have the necessary documents on the day of the test:

• Valid identification
• The theory test certificate
• An invitation letter for the practical test

Components of the Practical Test

Self-Check Questions: Often, you’ll be asked questions about car maintenance or basic checks, assessing your knowledge of the vehicle.

Driving Capability: The bulk of the test evaluates driving skills, including standard maneuvers like parking, turning, and highway navigation.

Special Maneuvers: Examiners may ask for specific tasks, such as emergency stops or parallel parking.

Independent Driving: A segment of the test might require you to drive without step-by-step instructions, showcasing your ability to navigate independently.

Results and Feedback

Immediate Evaluation: Post-test, the examiner will provide immediate feedback, discussing both strengths and areas needing improvement.

Passing: Successful candidates will receive a certificate proving their eligibility to apply for a Dutch driving license.

In Case of Failure: For those who don’t succeed, it’s crucial to internalize feedback and work on highlighted areas before reattempting.

Reapplication After Failing

While failing can be disappointing, it’s not the end. Candidates can retake the practical test.

Before reattempting, additional lessons are advisable to refine skills and address problem areas.

Post-test: Getting Your License

Let’s delve into what follows after passing the practical test.

Application Submission

Where to Apply: Head to your local municipality or city council’s office, often referred to as ‘Stadskantoor’ or ‘Gemeente’.

Documentation you will need:

• A valid identification (passport or residence permit).
• A passport-sized photograph conforming to Dutch standards.
• Proof of residency.
• The certificate from your successful practical test.

The application comes with a fee, which can vary slightly between municipalities. As of the last update, expect to pay around €40, but always check the current rate at your local office.

Waiting Period

After submission, there’s a short processing time. Typically, your driving license will be ready for collection within five working days, though this can slightly vary based on the municipality’s workload.

Collecting the License

Personal Collection: Remember, driving licenses aren’t dispatched to your address. You must personally visit the office where you applied to collect it.

Validity: New Dutch driving licenses are generally valid for ten years, with some exceptions for specific age groups or medical conditions.

Points to Remember

Duration: The entire post-test process, from application to holding the license, can span a week or slightly more. Factor this into any plans that might require your driving license.

Temporary License: In some cases, if you need to drive immediately post-test, you can request a temporary license at the municipality. This is valid only within the Netherlands.

European Validity: The Dutch driving license is not just a ticket to drive in the Netherlands. It’s recognized across the European Union (EU) and the European Economic Area (EEA), offering significant driving mobility.

Important Road Rules in the Netherlands

Whether you’re driving in bustling Amsterdam or the serene countryside, there are specific road rules that every driver must adhere to. Below are the essential regulations you must be aware of:

Right-hand Traffic

In the Netherlands, traffic moves on the right-hand side of the road. This orientation is crucial for all driving decisions, from overtaking to using roundabouts.

Speed Limits

	Speed Limit
Built-up Areas	50 km/h
Outside Built-up Areas	80 km/h
Expressways	100 km/h or 120 km/h, depending on signs.
Motorways	Typically 130 km/h, but be attentive to posted signs as this can vary.

Alcohol Limit

The legal blood alcohol limit is 0.05%. For novice drivers (those with a license for less than five years), the limit is even lower at 0.02%. If caught over the limit, penalties range from hefty fines to license suspension.

Priority from the Right

A unique rule in the Netherlands is giving priority to vehicles coming from the right unless indicated otherwise by road signs.

Seat Belts and Child Safety

Seat belts are mandatory for all vehicle occupants. Children under 1.35 meters must be seated in an appropriate child seat.

Mobile Phones

It’s illegal to use a handheld mobile phone while driving. Hands-free systems are permissible.

Bicycles and Pedestrians

Bicycles are ubiquitous in the Netherlands. Always give way to cyclists when turning, and be cautious of separate bike lanes.

Pedestrians at designated crossings have the right of way. Always stop for them.

Headlights

Using dipped headlights is mandatory during reduced visibility conditions and from sunset to sunrise.

Parking

Parking rules are strict. Only park in designated areas.

Blue zones, indicated by road signs, require a parking disc displaying your arrival time.

Winter Tires

While winter tires are not mandatory, they’re highly recommended during the colder months for increased safety.

Roundabouts

Vehicles within the roundabout generally have the right of way unless signs indicate otherwise.

Renewing or Replacing a Dutch Driving License

Let’s delve into the protocols surrounding the renewal and replacement of your driving license in the Netherlands.

License Renewal

Validity

A standard Dutch driving license is valid for ten years. However, for individuals over the age of 70 or those with specific medical conditions, the validity may differ.

Renewal Process

1. Approximately three months before expiration, it’s advisable to initiate the renewal process.
2. Visit your local municipality office (‘Stadskantoor’ or ‘Gemeente’) with:
   • Your expiring or expired license.
   • A passport-sized photograph according to Dutch specifications.
   • Valid identification.
3. Pay the applicable fee. Rates can slightly vary among municipalities.

Medical Examination

If you are above a certain age or have specific health conditions that might influence your driving abilities, a medical examination could be necessary. Ensure you procure the required certification before renewal if applicable.

Replacement Due to Loss or Theft

Immediate Action

If your driving license is lost or stolen, report it immediately to the local police.

Application for Replacement

1. Head to your local municipality office.
2. Submit a declaration of loss.
3. Provide a new passport-sized photograph.
4. Present valid identification.
5. Pay the replacement fee.

Damaged License

If your license is damaged to the extent that details aren’t readable or the chip is malfunctioning, it’s paramount to get it replaced.

The process mirrors that of replacing a lost license.

Temporary License

While waiting for your renewed or replaced license, if you need to drive within the Netherlands, you might be eligible for a temporary license from your municipality. Remember, this is only valid within Dutch borders.

Points to Note

• Both renewals and replacements usually have a processing time of around five working days, post which you’ll need to personally collect your license.
• Always ensure you’re carrying a valid driving license while driving. Operating a vehicle without a legitimate license can lead to severe penalties.

Related: Car Loan in The Netherlands – All You Need To Know in 2023

Additional Resources